Fig 1: mRNA levels of keap1 (A), cytoplasmic levels of keap1 (B), mRNA levels of Nrf2 (C), cytoplasmic levels of Nrf2 (D), nuclear levels of Nrf2 (E), and nuclear levels of Nrf2 in the LVs of all groups of rats. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Level of significance = p < 0.05. a: significant vs. control group. b: significant vs. ESA (100 mg/kg)-treated rats, c: significant vs. STZ-T1DM model group. d: significant vs. different STZ-T1DM + ESA (100 mg/kg)-treated rats. ESA: Esculeoside A (ESA). Brusatol: an Nrf2 inhibitor.
Fig 2: Levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress-related parameters in the testicular homogenates of all groups of rats. Data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hot and are presented as means ± standard deviation (SD) for n = 8 samples/group. The level of significance was considered at p < 0.05. (a): significantly different from the control rats fed the standard diet. (b): significantly different from the ESA (100 mg/kg)-treated rats. (c): significantly different from STZ-DM ras. (D): significantly different from the STZ + ESA (100 mg/kg)-treated rats. ESA: Esculeoside. Brusatol: An Nrf2 inhibitor. A. IL-6 interleukin 6 (IL-6). TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha. MDA: malondialdehyde (MDA). HO-1: heme oxygenase-1. SOD: total superoxide dismutase. GSH: total glutathione (GSH).
Fig 3: Effect of cyclophosphamide (CPA) with or without amentoflavone (AMV) on Nrf2, SIRT-1, and Keap1 levels in the pulmonary tissues (mean ± SEM). a Significant compared vs. the control group; b significant compared vs. the CPA group; and c significant compared vs. the CPA + AMV 50 mg/kg group.
Fig 4: Graphical abstract demonstrating the role of Esculeoside A in attenuating cardiac damage in STZ-diabetic rats. This includes the activation of the Nrf2/NF-κB/antioxidant axis.
Fig 5: mRNA of Nrf2 (A), total cytoplasmic levels of Nrf2 (B), nuclear level of Nrf2 (C), and total level of keap1 (D) in the liver homogenates of all experimental groups. Data were analyzed via one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test and are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) for n = 8 samples/group. The level of significance was considered to be p < 0.05. a Significantly different from the control rats fed the standard diet. b Significantly different from the esculeogenin A (ESGA)-treated rats. c Significantly different from the high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. d Significantly different from the HFD + ESGA (50 mg/kg)-fed rats. e Significantly different from the HFD + ESGA (100 mg/kg)-fed rats.
Supplier Page from Novus Biologicals, a Bio-Techne Brand for Rat Nrf2 ELISA Kit (Colorimetric)